MODULE 1 WATERSHED SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

• Beneficial uses of water (including discussion of pollution)
• Lakes and streams: Human impacts

- Point sources (conventional, toxics)
- Non point source (land use practices, atmospheric deposition, wildlife practices, climate change, etc.)

• Hydrologic cycle
• Groundwater
• Climatic influences (light, temperature, precipitation, wind)
• Land-water interactions
• Ecoregions

MODULE 2-3 LAKE ECOLOGY (LIMNOLOGY)

• Introduction: Lakes are a reflection of their watersheds and climates and lakes are patchy
• Food web dynamics
• Organism and metabolism overview

- Plants, animals, bacteria/fungi (within habitat context, e.g., pelagic, littoral, benthic)
- Productivity (1o, 2 o, respiration, microbial loop)
- Food webs (including bottom up, top down concepts)

• Basins (types and origins, including reservoirs)
• Morphometry (shapes, parameters)
• “Structure” and patchiness (habitat context)

- Physical and chemical factors

· Horizonal (advection)
· Vertical (light, temp, density; O2; stratification; mixing)

- Biological distributions of organisms
- Temporal variations (physical, chemical, biological)

• Biogeochemistry (applied limnology context)

- Major ions
- Nitrogen cycling
- Phosphorus cycling
- Iron and sulfur cycling
- Sediment-water interactions (nutrients/metals release vs DO, Fe, S)

• Eutrophication

- Management of shallow versus deep lakes
- Case studies (e.g., Lakes Washington, Tahoe, Mead, Shagawa, Onandaga, Minnetonka)

• Zooplankton and fish issues (management context)
• Paleolimnology overview
• Reservoir issues
• Other issues (e.g., acid rain, exotic species, Hg, PCBs)

MODULE 4-5 STREAM ECOLOGY

• geomorphology
• hydrology (flow, temperature, light)
• stream chemistry
• organisms (algae, higher plants, invertebrates, fish)
• sediments and sediment-water interactions
• patch origin and characteristics